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In accordance with Act XXXI of 1996 on Fire Protection, Technical and Fire Rescue Services, the employer is obliged to ensure annual fire safety training for employees and family members who participate in work activities. They must also ensure that these individuals acquire the necessary fire safety knowledge related to their job and activities before commencing employment and familiarize themselves with their duties in case of a fire.
An employer cannot assign an employee or their family members work activities in tasks requiring fire safety knowledge or prescribed fire safety certification if they do not possess the necessary knowledge or certification.
For organizations employing more than five employees including their family members, or operating premises capable of accommodating more than fifty people, the fire safety training material must be prepared by an individual with at least an intermediate level fire safety qualification, as outlined in the 9/2015 (III. 25.) Minister of the Interior Regulation on the qualification requirements and training of personnel employed in professional disaster management organizations, municipal and facility fire departments, voluntary fire brigades, and related professional sectors.
The fire safety training material can be taught by the authorized material developer or a person trained by them.
In the case of organizations obligated to employ individuals with fire safety qualifications, the fire safety training for personnel engaged in fire-prone activities, production, processing, and storage of explosive materials consists of both theoretical and practical components. The obligation for practical training cannot be fulfilled electronically.
The employer is required to provide fire safety training to employees in the following circumstances:
Fire safety training should be conducted during working hours.
New employees should receive fire safety training before commencing their work.
For other cases, there is no specific legal requirement for the frequency of training. However, it is recommended to conduct regular fire safety training at least once a year. The frequency should be determined by the employer in the Fire Safety Policy.
Additional training sessions may be necessary following a fire incident or when there are significant changes in the fire safety conditions (e.g., changes in the flammability of materials used in the activities).
If a fire evacuation plan is in place (if required by regulations), it should be practiced with the relevant personnel at least once a year.
Companies employing more than 5 workers at the workplace, or operating premises capable of accommodating 50 people, as well as industrial and storage units with high-risk classification and commercial accommodation establishments, are required to create a fire safety policy, in accordance with Section 19(1) of Act XXXI of 1996.
The Fire Safety Policy can only be prepared by individuals with appropriate fire safety qualifications.
The Fire Safety Policy must be prepared in accordance with the provisions of Decree 30/1996 (XII. 6.) Ministry of Interior and Decree 54/2014 (XII. 5.) Ministry of Interior.
The Fire Safety Policy should be revised whenever there are changes affecting the fire safety situation (such as legislative amendments) to ensure it remains up to date at all times.
The fire safety officer of the facility is responsible for ensuring the appropriate number and type of portable fire extinguishers are installed on the premises.
The two fundamental regulations related to fire safety are the Act XXXI of 1996 on Fire Protection, Technical and Fire Rescue Services, and the Decree 54/2014 (XII. 5.) of the Ministry of the Interior on the National Fire Protection Regulations (OTSZ), which also provide guidelines regarding fire extinguishers.
Fire prevention is an essential aspect of fire safety, which includes measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of fires and compliance with relevant regulatory requirements.
Due to advancements in technology, there are numerous effective technical solutions available in fire safety. These include sprinkler systems, various fire detection devices, including the most common ones, such as the various types of fire extinguishers, especially the dry powder extinguishers. Besides, carbon dioxide extinguishers and foam extinguishers can also be found in many facilities.
The current regulations provide significant freedom for professional judgment in the selection of the device type, and the increased variety of available devices allows for the selection of the most appropriate device.
What should we consider during deliberation?
The options for selecting a fire extinguisher may be limited if specific types, sizes, or extinguishing capacities are mandated by regulations, national standards, or fire authorities. While earlier regulations often prescribed specific types of extinguishers, recent regulations tend to specify extinguishing capacities instead.
Different types of fire extinguishing devices are suitable for extinguishing different types of fires.
Fires involving solid organic materials
Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids
Fires involving flammable gases
Fires involving metals
Fires involving oils and fats
Fire extinguishing devices must be marked with fire safety signs, and there are two standards available, either of which can be applied. These can be found in the ISO 7010 standard and the 2/1998 (I. 16.) Ministerial Decree on safety and health signs to be used in the workplace, which is in line with Council Directive 92/58/EEC.
The proper placement of fire extinguishers is regulated by the National Fire Protection Regulation (OTSZ), according to section 149:
Safety signs indicating the location of fire protection devices must be placed at a height of at least 1.8 meters but no more than 2.5 meters above the device or equipment, in a way that they are easily recognizable, based on Figure 1 of Appendix 13.
Therefore, fire extinguishing devices must be securely affixed in the designated location and manner as prescribed by the legislation. It is important to ensure that the device is placed in a visible location or, if not possible, the corresponding pictogram should be prominently displayed.
In according with section 33 of the 28/2011 (IX. 6.) Ministerial Decree, the organization responsible for maintaining the operability, accessibility, frost protection, and required periodic inspections, maintenance, repairs, and pressure tests (referred to collectively as "inspection" in this section) of firewater sources and the firewater supply network ensures that they are carried out. If the prescribed periodic inspection, repair, and maintenance of firefighting equipment, devices, or apparatus have not been performed, they cannot be considered operational.
Fire extinguishers are subject to regular inspections. Basic maintenance is required annually, intermediate maintenance at 5 and 15 years, and full maintenance at 10 years. The maximum service life of a fire extinguisher is 20 years.
Only maintenance personnel with a valid fire protection examination certificate are allowed to perform maintenance on fire extinguishing devices.
Fire extinguishers need to undergo periodic inspections, and their maintenance is carried out in multiple stages.
An annual basic maintenance is necessary, during which a qualified individual with the appropriate examination certificate visually inspects the device, focusing on the following aspects:
Intermediate maintenance is required when the fire extinguisher reaches 5 and 15 years of age. At this stage, the device is transported to a maintenance workshop, where, in addition to the steps of basic maintenance:
In addition to the annual maintenance and intermediate maintenance at 5 and 15 years of age, the fire extinguisher must also undergo comprehensive maintenance at 10 years of age. At this stage, in addition to the steps of intermediate maintenance, a pressure test must be conducted on the cylinder and all pressure-bearing components.
In addition to the annual maintenance and intermediate maintenance at 5 and 15 years of age, the fire extinguisher must also undergo comprehensive maintenance at 10 years of age. At this stage, in addition to the steps of intermediate maintenance, a pressure test must be conducted on the cylinder and all pressure-bearing components.
Carbon dioxide extinguishers need to be checked annually to ensure their weight is adequate, but a 5-year maintenance is not required. In addition to the annual inspection, a comprehensive maintenance and pressure test must be conducted on the device every 10 years. These devices may not necessarily become obsolete by the time they reach 20 years of age.
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